Artificial Insemination (AI) is one of the most effective and modern techniques used to improve pig
breeding performance. It allows farmers to use high-quality boar semen efficiently and ensure
better genetic progress across their herds. The image above demonstrates the step-by-step
process of inseminating sows using a method called Post-Cervical Artificial Insemination (PCAI).
Step 1: Detecting Heat
Start by bringing a mature boar near the group of sows. Observe for signs of heat such as
restlessness, mounting behavior, swollen vulva, and standing reflex. Only sows that show strong
standing reflexes should be inseminated.
Step 2: Preparing the Sow
Once the sow is identified in heat, remove the boar and wait for about 10–15 minutes. During this
period, the sow relaxes, allowing smooth insemination. Clean the vulva thoroughly to prevent
contamination.
Step 3: Inserting the Catheter
Gently position the catheter and lock it into the cervix. For PCAI, insert the inner rod through the
catheter to pass semen beyond the cervix, directly into the uterus.
Step 4: Connecting the Semen Bag
Before use, gently agitate the GTB (semen) bag to homogenize the dose. Then connect the bag to
the inner rod tip and allow the semen to flow slowly.
Step 5: Completion
Once insemination is complete, remove the catheter with a quick motion. Record the insemination
details for each sow. A second insemination can be done 20–24 hours later for better fertility
results.